The log says:
:info:build /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX15.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1/string:821:42: error: implicit instantiation of undefined template 'std::char_traits<unsigned short>'
:info:build 821 | static_assert(is_same<_CharT, typename traits_type::char_type>::value,
:info:build | ^
As stated in another bug report:
As noted in the libc++ 19 release notes, std::char_traits<> is now
only provided for char, char8_t, char16_t, char32_t and wchar_t, and any
instantiation for other types will fail.
Here is the upstream bug report about this. It was fixed in poppler 24.05.0. The port needs to be updated. According to the upstream merge request, this change is binary incompatible, and some dependents like inkscape will need to be revbumped.